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Java QA Automation Interview Questions Part 2

Continuing from Part 1, here are more advanced Java QA Automation interview questions to help you excel in your preparation. These questions focus on additional frameworks, design patterns, and advanced concepts in test automation.

11. What is the Singleton Design Pattern, and how is it used in test automation?

The Singleton Design Pattern ensures that a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to that instance. In test automation, this pattern is commonly used to manage WebDriver instances, ensuring that only one browser instance is active during the test execution.

Example:

public class DriverManager {
  private static WebDriver driver;

  private DriverManager() {}

  public static WebDriver getDriver() {
      if (driver == null) {
          driver = new ChromeDriver();
      }
      return driver;
  }
}

12. How do you perform file uploads in Selenium?

File uploads in Selenium can be performed using the sendKeys() method to input the file path into a file input element. Ensure that the input element has the type="file" attribute.

WebElement uploadElement = driver.findElement(By.id("fileUpload"));
uploadElement.sendKeys("C:\path\to\file.txt");

13. What is Parallel Test Execution, and how is it configured in TestNG and JUnit?

Parallel test execution allows multiple tests to run simultaneously, reducing the overall execution time. This can be configured in frameworks like TestNG and JUnit. Below are examples for both:

Parallel Execution in TestNG

In TestNG, you can configure parallel execution in the testng.xml file using the parallel attribute.

<suite name="ParallelTests" parallel="methods" thread-count="4">
  <test name="Test1">
    <classes>
      <class name="tests.SampleTest" />
    </classes>
  </test>
</suite>

Parallel Execution in JUnit

In JUnit 5 (Jupiter), parallel execution can be configured using the junit-platform.properties file or programmatically. Below is an example using the junit-platform.properties file.

# Enable parallel test execution
junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.enabled=true
# Set default mode to parallel
junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.mode.default=concurrent
# Use a fixed thread pool strategy
junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.config.strategy=fixed
# Define the number of parallel threads
junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.config.fixed.parallelism=4

Here's an example of a JUnit test class where methods run in parallel:

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;

public class ParallelTestExample {

    @Test
    void test1() {
        System.out.println("Running Test 1: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        assertTrue(true);
    }

    @Test
    void test2() {
        System.out.println("Running Test 2: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        assertTrue(true);
    }

    @Test
    void test3() {
        System.out.println("Running Test 3: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        assertTrue(true);
    }

    @Test
    void test4() {
        System.out.println("Running Test 4: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        assertTrue(true);
    }
}

14. How do you validate tooltips in Selenium?

Tooltips in Selenium can be validated by retrieving the title attribute or the text content of the element that displays the tooltip.

WebElement tooltipElement = driver.findElement(By.id("tooltip"));
String tooltipText = tooltipElement.getAttribute("title");
System.out.println("Tooltip text: " + tooltipText);

15. What is the role of a DataProvider in TestNG?

A DataProvider in TestNG is used to supply multiple sets of data to a single test method. It enables data-driven testing by allowing tests to run with different input values.

@DataProvider(name = "loginData")
public Object[][] getData() {
    return new Object[][] {
        {"user1", "pass1"},
        {"user2", "pass2"}
    };
}

@Test(dataProvider = "loginData")
public void testLogin(String username, String password) {
    System.out.println("Logging in with: " + username + ", " + password);
}

16. What are DesiredCapabilities in Selenium?

DesiredCapabilities are used to define properties for a browser session, such as browser name, version, and platform. They are particularly useful for cross-browser testing and integrating with tools like Selenium Grid.

DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
capabilities.setBrowserName("chrome");
capabilities.setPlatform(Platform.WINDOWS);
WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL("http://localhost:4444/wd/hub"), capabilities);

17. How do you handle dropdowns in Selenium?

Dropdowns in Selenium can be handled using the Select class. This class provides methods to select options by index, value, or visible text.

WebElement dropdown = driver.findElement(By.id("dropdown"));
Select select = new Select(dropdown);
select.selectByVisibleText("Option 1");

18. What is the difference between SoftAssert and HardAssert in TestNG?

In TestNG, a HardAssert stops the execution of the test case immediately if an assertion fails, whereas a SoftAssert collects all assertion failures and reports them at the end of the test.

// Using HardAssert
Assert.assertEquals(actual, expected);

// Using SoftAssert
SoftAssert softAssert = new SoftAssert();
softAssert.assertEquals(actual, expected);
softAssert.assertAll();

19. How do you perform mouse hover actions in Selenium?

Mouse hover actions in Selenium can be performed using the Actions class. This class provides methods like moveToElement() to simulate mouse interactions.

Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("hoverElement"));
actions.moveToElement(element).perform();

20. How do you handle authentication pop-ups in Selenium?

Authentication pop-ups can be handled by embedding the username and password in the URL. Alternatively, you can use tools like AutoIT or Selenium 4’s new CDP support for advanced handling.

// Embedding credentials in URL
String url = "https://username:password@example.com";
driver.get(url);

By mastering these advanced questions, you can further demonstrate your expertise and readiness for a Java QA Automation role. Best of luck!